Sexually Abused Children & Their Families-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a Literauture Review on Sexual Abuse. Introduction The human have been encountered traumatic events as well as catastrophic since the begging of time. Any sudden or unexpected catastrophic events lead to stress and distress which can lead to immediate or perhaps eventuality morality (Devries, Mak, Child, Falder, Bacchus, Astbury Watts, 2014). The direct of such events are relatively easy to identify. One such event which can be traumatic is the children sexual abuse. This has been a problem which has been occurring at an alarming rate in the society (Shore Conte, 2016). Most of the children may not disclose their abuse, with the reason which may vary from embarrassment, sense of normalization surrounding the abuse or perhaps the fear of consequences in case they disclose the abuse (Finkelhor, Shattuck, Turner Hamby, 2014). This issue has been prevalent in the society and statistics has shown that approximately eighty eight percent of the sexual abuse cases have never been reported. Globally it has been found that 19% female and 7. 9% of the male suffer from the child sexual abuse. Definition The child abuse continues to be identified as any sexual contact with the child by means of possibly usage of force, menace or maybe dishonesty to obtain the involvement of the child or even any sexual contact with the child who is incapable of consenting because of the age, differential in power or even disability (Furniss, 2013). Symptoms of sexual abuse When a child has been undergoing through abuse they may feel guilty, ashamed or perhaps confused. He or she may be afraid to talk about the abuse particularly if the abuser is the parent, family friend or the relative (Furniss, 2013). The children may have an apparent fear of their children, the care giver or family. It is important to what the following symptoms in the children; one of the sign is that there is withdrawal from the friends or even the actual activities which they are involved. Secondly, there is change in the behavior this could be associated with the aggression, anger, they become hostile or even hyperactivity or change in the performance in the school (Furniss, 2013). These individuals tend to become depressed, anxiety or unusual fears or the loss of self-confidence may crop in. there are also children who exhibits attempts at running away, and they become rebellious or have defiant behavior. There are some who have attempted suicide particularly the one who have b een raped. It is important to note that the signs and the symptoms depends on the kind of abuse and how it varied. Keep in mind that the warning signs are just signs and their presence does not mean that a child has been abused. In this research it is a literature review which will examine on the specialist area of trauma in counselling practice particularly in the sexual abuse of the children (Shore Conte, 2016). In this research it will consider theories which underpin as well as influence the development of the key ideas and the concepts which are involved particularly in the area of counseling on sexual abuse. Sexual abuse among children Everyone knows that the children pass through different phases of the growth as they grow. As they simply pass through these types of alterations their consciousness and curiosity in relation to sexual matters change since they pass from infancy into childhood after which go through puberty to the adolescence. Each child is an individual so they develop in their very own way. Nevertheless, there is certainly an acknowledged range of behavior that are partnered with the age of the child along with the developmental stage (Finkelhor, Shattuck, Turner Hamby, 2014). Occasionally it might include some exploration with the other children of the similar age. Occasionally it might be hard to tell the difference between the age suitable for sexual exploration and the warning signs of habits which are harmful. As a parent it is important to guide the children, so that they may be safe from the prey who may want to take advantage of their innocence. The global prevalence of the child sexual ab use highlight that most offenders of this act are well acquainted with the victims they abuse approximately thirty percent of most cases being done by the relatives of the children, 60% has been by the other acquaintances such as friends or the family (Heim, Mayberg, Mletzko, Nemeroff Pruessner, 2013). Based on the research it has shown that if the perpetrator is a relative or perhaps a close acquaintance the victims who have been sexually abused may not report on the offences, or in some situation they may likely disclose the abuse after a delay. Nonetheless, number of the present instances of the child sexual abuse has brought the issue of the attention and there are numerous painful stories which are happening in the society (Finkelhor, Shattuck, Turner Hamby, 2014). The scientist and the psychologists have cited that the social factors are the major causes of the increase of the sexual abuse of the children in most of the countries. Theories of the children sexual abuse Considering the magnitude of this abuse there are theories which have been developed in order to influence on the development of the key ideas particularly for the specialist who handles these trauma in counseling these victims. These theories have been are an important focus on some of the cost effective strategies (Shore Conte, 2016). It is also important to note that developing effective precautionary techniques involves a reasonable empirical base which is depending on the concepts that refers to the child sexual abuse. Without the specialist understanding on these theories it would be difficult in that they will focus more on the consequences of the sexual abuse rather than the causes. One of the theory is the integrated theory. In this theory it proposes that the sexual abuse occurs due to the interaction between the individual, ecosystem and the situational factors. This therefore, means that the child sexual abuse can never occur without the interaction between the biological, socio cultural, developmental or even the situational factors. According to this theory there should be interaction of these factors. The specialist in counseling needs to understand these factors to be able to understand on the causes of the abuse. The sexual abuse occurs as the consequences of a number of the variables which are interacting. The specialist is able to understand on these factors and how they have impacted upon the core neuropsychological functions which underpin on the actions of the human. When they understand on these aspect they are able to explain how the clinical symptoms which arises from the interaction between the neurological systems as well as the ecological fac tors such as the social and cultural environment. The other significant theory to understand is the biological theory. In this theory the theorist have explained on the organic explanations of the behavior of the humans. The biological theorist they have assumed that the physiological factors such as the hormones levels which are the androgens as well as the genetic makeup they have an impact on the behavior of the individuals. Based on the research it has been found that the Androgen hormone increases on the sexuality as well as ejaculation which regulates on aggression, emotion, cognition as well as the personality. The researchers have suggested that there is a relationship which arises from aggression and the high testo sterone levels. According to the biological theories in regards to deviant sexual conduct they often are relevant to rape because it is regarded as an act of the aggression , and researcher have lengthy hypothesized that you will find correlation between hostility and increased levels of testosterone . The biolog ical theories generally concentrate on the deviant sexual behavior especially that is related to the role of the androgens along with the androgen discharging hormones that is associated with the physical changes in the male stages (Mrazek Kempe, 2014). This theory is beneficial to the professional to explain on the onset of the deviant sexual desires in addition to behavior of people especially on exactly why they might participate in sexual abuse. Additionally, this owns to the heterogeneity of these person of such abuses and intricate nature of the behavior. This theory adequately describes on the motivating elements which leads the adult male to have the sexual relations particularly with the children (Heim, Mayberg, Mletzko, Nemeroff Pruessner, 2013). Moreover, it highlights the sustaining aspects which could perhaps contribute to continuance of these relations. Understanding of the etiology of this theory and maintenance of the sexual offending is significant to be able to i mplement on the policies which are appropriate for the sexual offenders and for the specialist to provide help to the victim of abuse when there are in counseling. The next relevant theory is the psychodynamic theory which explains that the sexual variant is basically the psychodynamic philosophy which explains that the sexual deviation has been manifestation of the unsettled difficulties that are experienced in the stages of the development. The human psyche comprises of 3 primary aspects that are id, ego along with the superego stages (Mrazek Kempe, 2014). Depending on this theory the sexual deviance generally happens when the id has been overactive. Based on Freud who proposed on the theory he viewed the sexual deviance as the expression of the unresolved issues which are experienced during the growth stages (Mrazek Kempe, 2014). The unresolved issues were initially brought by the fixations or maybe the hindrances in the course of the stages of the development, with the consequent distortion of the sexual aim (Levine, 2014). The psychodynamic theory portrays that the human psyche is within regular struggle with regards to fulfilment of the primal desires of the id and moral influence of the superego. The child sexual abuse is a traumatic childhood events that has a negative consequences increase when it comes to increase of the severity of abuse. Some of the disorder it may cause include the panic disorder, the anxiety, anger, depression, low self-esteem as well as the post-traumatic stress disorders. Majority of the countries globally consider the child sexual abuse as an offensive act (Levine, 2014). Nonetheless, there are some countries which conceal these acts and they often do not talk about these issue in the society, which includes the victim themselves. Relevant ways of working with the specialist in child sexual abuse cases For the people of the sexual abuse, dealing with on their rage along with the hatred is easily the most essential thing for almost any specialist. Most of these person convey a powerful feelings of hatred when the offender or the parent who could not notice the ordeal and also did not protect them (Levine, 2014). The hate could be projected specially when the victims feels they are hated by everybody. The sexual molestation associated with the child violates on almost all their physical along with the psychological development (Heim, Mayberg, Mletzko, Nemeroff Pruessner, 2013). The sex becomes linked to the violence, guilt in addition to experiences in the depth of shame because they were sexually excited by the offenders. Considering on the sensitivity of the burden of the children sexual abuse an integrated approach which focus on the parents, and the medical professionals could be proposed (Kloess, Hamilton-Giachritsis Beech, 2017). The case specific involves the specialists on reading on the relevant case papers in advance and then applying the concepts such as the theories to know the cause and rather not the consequence which lead the offender commit the abuse. As a specialist the most methodical as well as deliberate tactic of participating the victim could be sex that entails a process of the initially introduce the victim to the concept of the sex after which they might steadily employ them in the sexual activity. Client safety involved in the area of the specialist There are safety guidelines which are involved in the area of the specialist particularly when a victim seeks help from them. The initial step would be to provide a safety place for the client. It is often in the perceived safe environment that those individuals who have been exposed to the dangers may let down on their guard as well as experiences of the introspection and the connection (Heim, Mayberg, Mletzko, Nemeroff Pruessner, 2013). The childhood trauma as well as abuse particularly at their core is all about feeling unsafe. There is need for a framework of the physical as well as emotional which is important. Most individuals who have been abused need to regain on their sense of feeling safe. There is need for the specialist to build trust through relationship with the victim who have experienced trauma more so during their childhood. Individuals who have been hurt in the interpersonal relationships have acquired a range of ways to guard them against the future harm (Levine, 2014). The specialists or the professionals need to check periodically with the clients about all their experiences of the therapeutic relationship which could help them to identify on the issues of the mistrust (Kloess, Hamilton-Giachritsis Beech, 2017). Building of trust between the client as well as the therapist is prerequisite in order to address on the traumatic memories which they have encountered previously. It will involve helping the client in order to loosen on the defence which they have used over the years in dealing with the trauma (Prez-Fuentes, Olfson, Villegas, Morcillo, Wang Blanco, 2013). Another safety measure would be to ensure that there is empowerment and the collaboration. According to Saakvinte (2000) highlights that stress collaboration as well as empowerment are the key when it comes to working effectively with the survivors who were offended. This will enable the victims participate actively in the treatment in counseling and help them have control over their decisions which affect them. Interventions are crucial when they have been developed collaboratively (Ullman, Peter-Hagene Relyea, 2014). This may be difficult particularly when working with the clients who at the risk of harm, especially the children who want to commit suicide because of the ordeal they encountered (Pipe, Lamb, Orbach Cederborg, 2013). The specialists needs to recognize the competence of the survivors to enable them make decisions and be able to develop solution (Miner, Swinburne Romine, Robinson, Berg Knight, 2016). Additionally, there is need to communicate and sustain hope and respect. It is important to communicate as well as sustain hope and respect when working with the children who have had trauma and abuse. Hope comes when the specialist serves as the trustees of these children future possibilities (Miner, Swinburne, Robinson, Berg Knight, 2016). It is the actions, as well as the body language which communicate hope to them. It is important to em pathize with the victim of the sexual abuse on their hurt and the despair, and be able to hold onto their visions of the future. References Devries, K. M., Mak, J. Y., Child, J. C., Falder, G., Bacchus, L. J., Astbury, J., Watts, C. H.(2014). Childhood sexual abuse and suicidal behavior: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics, peds-2013. Finkelhor, D., Shattuck, A., Turner, H. A., Hamby, S. L. (2014). The lifetime prevalence of child sexual abuse and sexual assault assessed in late adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55(3), 329-333. Furniss, T. (2013). The multiprofessional handbook of child sexual abuse: Integrated management, therapy, and legal intervention. routledge. Heim, C. M., Mayberg, H. S., Mletzko, T., Nemeroff, C. B., Pruessner, J. C. (2013). Decreased cortical representation of genital somatosensory field after childhood sexual abuse. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(6), 616-623. Kloess, J. A., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. E., Beech, A. R. (2017). Offense processes of onlinesexual grooming and abuse of children via internet communication platforms. Sexual Abuse, 1079063217720927. Levine, H. B. (2014). Adult analysis and childhood sexual abuse. Routledge. Miner, M. H., Swinburne Romine, R., Robinson, B. B. E., Berg, D., Knight, R. A. (2016). Anxious attachment, social isolation, and indicators of sex drive and compulsivity: Predictors of child sexual abuse perpetration in adolescent males?. Sexual Abuse, 28(2),132-153. Mrazek, P. B., Kempe, C. H. (Eds.). (2014). Sexually Abused Children Their Families. Elsevier. Prez-Fuentes, G., Olfson, M., Villegas, L., Morcillo, C., Wang, S., Blanco, C. (2013). Prevalence and correlates of child sexual abuse: a national study. Comprehensive psychiatry, 54(1), 16-27. Pipe, M. E., Lamb, M. E., Orbach, Y., Cederborg, A. C. (Eds.). (2013). Child sexual abuse: Disclosure, delay, and denial. Psychology Press. Shore, D. A., Conte, J. (2016). Social work and child sexual abuse. Routledge. Smallbone, S., Marshall, W. L., Wortley, R. (2013). Preventing child sexual abuse: Evidence, policy and practice. Willan. Ullman, S. E., Peter-Hagene, L. C., Relyea, M. (2014). Coping, emotion regulation, and self-blame as mediators of sexual abuse and psychological symptoms in adult sexual assault. Journal of child sexual abuse, 23(1), 74-93.